When the 'Edison Trust' comes into action in 1908 all major film companies joined this trust. However some film makers were refused or declined joining the trust, these film makes became now as the "Independent' film makers. During World War 2 the SIMPPP and the advent of inexpensive portable cameras made it possible for anybody in America to write, produce, direct and film and a movie. The resulted in many of these film makers becoming successful without training and began shooting film and experimenting with new techniques. Since these new films were low-budget unlike most studio films they could afford to take risks. United Artists was the first film company without an actual studio, this allowed for more independent films to be made.
